ACCELERATING EFFORTS DAVID GROVER, ROSHN’S GROUP CEO, OUTLINES THE DEVELOPER’S TRANSFORMATIVE PLAN FOR THE KINGDOM’S REAL ESTATE LANDSCAPE ITP MEDIA GROUP / BUSINESS VOL.2 2023 • ISSUE 002N E OM . C OM THE LINE is a revolution in civilisation. However, the true wonder is not what it is, but what it will do for its citizens. Running from the mountains in the East of NEOM right through to the Red Sea in the West, THE LINE is a city that follows a single, perfectly straight line 170Km long, 500 metres high and just 200 metres wide. It is designed for 9 million people and combines the most advanced engineering and design imaginable, from some of the greatest wonder is what it will deliver for everyone living there. A place for commerce and communities to thrive like never before. NEOM_30105_Construction_Week_205X275mm_En.indd 118/07/2022 16:50CONTENTS VOL. 2 2023 • ISSUE 002 10 16 06 5 THINGS From contract awards to megaproject launches, we run down ve major things you should know about Saudi Arabia’s construction and real estate industry 16 INTERVIEW KEO Saudi Arabia’s GM Dani Ghandour discusses expansion, digitisation, and empowering future industry leaders in the kingdom 18 TOP 30 KSA CONTRACTORS LIST Unveiling the top 30 construction rms driving growth in the kingdom 34 BIG PICTURE Red Sea Global awards two major contracts for AMAALA’s Triple Bay project to Saudi Arabian Baytur 18 34 06 COVER STORY David Grover, the group CEO of ROSHN, speaks exclusively to Construction Week Saudi on the developer’s strategy and vision for the future of Saudi Arabia’s real estate landscape and its transformative plans for the sector 34 After successfully wrapping up the 2022 event line-up, Construction Week Saudi is gearing up for more exciting events in 2023. As we step into the second quarter, we are excited to host once again industry leading events: from Leaders in Construction conference series across the UAE, KSA, Qatar, and Egypt to infrastructure summits and annual awards. 2023 EVENTS CALENDAR For more information on conferences, contact Parul Rana, Conference Producer (parul.rana@itp.com). For all award- related inquiries, please contact Dmitrii Lazarenko, Marketing and Events Manager (dmitrii.lazarenko@itp.com). If you want to be one of our partners and take advantage of our sponsorship opportunities, please contact Anup Nagpurkar, Commercial Director (anup.nagpurkar@itp.com) or Moutaz Gadelhak, Senior Sales Manager (moutaz.gadelhak@itp.com). *All dates are subject to change at the editorial team’s discretion.* 23 NO V EVENTS 2023 CALENDAR 20 SEPT Leaders in Construction UAE Leaders in Construction Turkey KSA Infrastructure Riyadh Summit 04 OC T Leaders in Construction Egypt 27 SEPT Leaders in Construction KSA 21 SEPT MEP Middle East Awards Construction Week Middle East Awards 07 NO V Construction Week KSA Awards CONFERENCE CONFERENCECONFERENCEAWARDS CONFERENCEAWARDSAWARDS CONFERENCE TBC TBC| EDITOR’S LETTER | 5 Building the nation Construction Week Saudi team With the kingdom’s construction industry operating at full throttle, the infrastructure, real estate, and tourism sectors are bustling with activity. For this month’s cover story, we take a deep dive into ROSHN’s transformative plan and how the developer envisions the kingdom’s real estate landscape evolving as Saudi Arabia’s national real estate developer. In an exclusive interview with us, David Grover, group CEO of ROSHN, reveals the firm’s plan to build over nine communities, housing more than a million people in the kingdom. We also explore the stakeholders who are making these ambitious visions possible in the kingdom. In its third year now, Construction Week profiles the Top 30 KSA Construction Firms that are driving growth in the market. These firms are not only supporting some of the world’s largest construction sites but also transforming the next phase of economic growth and development. To facilitate growth and development, the kingdom needs a skilled workforce. Dani Ghandour, KEO Saudi Arabia’s GM, reveals the firm’s plans to attract, empower, and develop national talent in KSA. With the kingdom investing in diverse projects ranging from tourism to hospitality schemes and mixed-use developments, we provide the most up- to-date information on the gigaprojects taking shape in the kingdom. Read the story to find out more about Sindalah’s scheduled opening in 2024, AMAALA’s latest contracts, and exclusive updates about the Diriyah project. We hope you enjoy reading! PO Box 500024, Dubai, United Arab Emirates TEL +971 4 444 3000 WEB: WWW.ITP.COM Offices in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, London, Riyadh & Mumbai ITP MEDIA GROUP CEO Ali Akawi CFO Toby Jay Spencer-Davies Managing Director Alex Reeve EDITORIAL Reporter Julianne Tolentino julianne.tolentino@itp.com Commercial Reporter Angitha Pradeep angitha.pradeep@itp.com ART Art Director Amjad Ayche amjad.ayche@itp.com Designer Tofiq Memon tofiq.memon@itp.com ADVERTISING Commercial Director Anup Nagpurkar +971 4 444 3573; anup.nagpurkar@itp.com Senior Sales Manager Moutaz Gadelhak +971 4 444 3177; moutaz.gadelhak@itp.com Commercial Manager Robert Cole +971 4 444 3417; robert.cole@itp.com PHOTOGRAPHY Videographer: Muhammad Kaleem Photographer: Marwan Elsayed Video Editor: Liju Cheruvathur ITP LIVE General Manager Ahmad Bashour PRODUCTION & DISTRIBUTION Production Manager Denny Kollannoor Production Coordinator Mahendra Pawar Senior Image Editor Emmalyn Robles CIRCULATION Distribution Coordinator Avinash Pereira Circulation Executive Rajesh Pillai MARKETING Director of Awards & Marketing Daniel Fewtrell Website www.constructionweekonline.com Subscribe online at www.itp.com/subscriptions NOTICE: The publishers regret that they cannot accept liability for errors or omissions contained in this publication, however caused. The opinions and views contained in this publication are not necessarily those of the publishers. Readers are advised to seek specialist advice before acting on information contained in this publication, which is provided for general use and may not be appropriate for the readers’ particular circumstances. The ownership of trademarks is acknowledged. No part of this publication or any part of the contents thereof may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form without the permission of the publishers in writing. An exemption is hereby granted for extracts used for the purpose of fair review. PUBLISHED BY AND © 2023 ITP MEDIA GROUP FZ-LLC. | 5 THINGS | 6 | 5 THINGS | 666666666 With the kingdom’s construction industry operating at full throttle, the infrastructure, real estate, and tourism sectors are bustling with activity. Construction Week Saudi has put together ve major things you should know about Saudi Arabia’s construction industry, ranging from multi-billion dollar gigaprojects, through to industry outlooks and projections. Saudi Crown Prince unveils the world’s largest modern downtown The New Murabba project will be built around the concept of sustainability featuring green areas and cycling paths, contributing to the capital’s future development in line with Saudi Vision 2030. Riyadh Metro completion underway Set to be completed before the end of 2030, the $22.5 billion project will play a big role in alleviating Riyadh’s traffic problem. It will consist of six metro lines and 84 stations.| 5 THINGS | 7 | 5 THINGS || 7777777777 https://magnet.itp.com/magnet/app/navigator/view_file.php?sf_id=12741581&sl_id=2&coming_fr om=navigate&r=1671457957&fetch_type=image&a_id=1&img_id=12741581&dynamic_creation=1&user_ id=1134691&server=np&a7x=1 https://magnet.itp.com/magnet/app/navigator/view_file.php?sf_id=12741581&sl_ id=2&coming_from=navigate&r=1671457957&fetch_type=image&a_id=1&img_id=12741581&dynamic_creation=1&u https://magnet.itp.com/magnet/app/navigator/view_file.php?sf_id=12741581&sl_id=2&coming_from=related_ files_light&r=1671457956&fetch_type=image&a_id=1&img_id=12741581&dynamic_creation=1&user_ id=1134691&server=np&a7x=1 ser_id=11 https://magnet.itp.com/magnet/app/navigator/view_file. php?sf_id=12741581&sl_id=2&coming_from=navigate&r=1671457957&fetch_type=image&a_id=1&img_ id=12741581&dynamic_creation=1&user_id=1134691&server=np&a7x=1 34691&server=np&a7x=1 https://magnet. itp.com/magnet/app/navigator/view_file.php?sf_id=12741581&sl_id=2&coming_from=navigate&r=1671457957&fet ch_type=image&a_id=1&img_id=12741581&dynamic_creation=1&user_id=1134691&server=np&a7x=1 Saudi Arabia’s construction sector will grow by 4.7% in 2023 This increase reflects the kingdom’s ongoing gigaproject activities. The national real estate sector will also see further growth throughout the year, partly driven by the post-COVID-19 recovery. Adapting earthquake-resistant design Saudi’s Municipal, Rural Affairs, and Housing Ministry announced that all new construction plans must include earthquake-resistant design and must fulfil all building requirements. 20% of NEOM’s infrastructure is completed NEOM wraps up a number of construction works happening across THE LINE, Trojena, Sindalah, and Oxagon. ididididid=11=11=11113111 469 ididid=22=2=22&&&com hththththththththththththththththththtttptpttpttptptpttttttptptptptpps://ma fififfififfififififififiifififiileleleleleleleleleleleleleellel ss_ss_s_sss_sss_s_s_s_ss_s lilllllllll ght idididdddddidddidddididididd=1=1=1=1=11=11=1=11=111==1=11313131311131331313131313131331131 469 phphphphphphphphphphphhhphphphphphphphphp?p?p?p?p?p?p?pp?pp?p?p?ppp?p?pp?p sfssfsfsssfsfsssssssss _id ididdiddiididididdididididddidid=1=1=1=1=1=1=1=11=1=1=11=1=1=11=1272222222222222 415 iiitiiiiiii p com/m ggggatatatate&e&e&&&e&e&&e&&&r=rr=rrr=r=r=r 161616161616717171717171714454544545454579797979955775757577&f&f&f&f&&f&feteetchchch tt_ttypyypypyppe=e=ee imimimimi agagagagagg &e&e&e&e&&aaaa_a__idididididd 11=1=1=1=1&i&i&i&i&immm 11111&&s&s&s&s&seerererree veveveeev r=r=r=r=r==nnpnpnppnpp&a&&a&aa&aa&aaa7x7777x7x7x7x7xx7x=1=1=1=111 hhhhhhtttttttttppspspspp /://:/://m/m/mmagagagagagnenenenettt.t.ititititp.p.pp.cococoom/m/mm/mamagg mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmiiiniinnniininninnniniinnininnininininininininnnnninniniininnininninnnininnininnnnnnniinnnnninnnningggggggggggg_ggg_g_g_g_g_g_gg_ggg_g_g_g_g_g_g_g_g_g_g_g_g_g_g_g_ggg_ggg_gg_g_g_gg__g_ggg_g__gg__ggggggggggggggggg ffffrfrrffrfrrfrrfrrfrfrfffrffrffrffffffrfffffrfrfrrrromomomoomomoomomomoommmomoomom=n=nn=nnnnnnavavavavavvaavigiggiigigigiggg tataataaatatate&&&&e&e&e&r=r=r==r 161661161661677171771711714545454544577979795757575 &f&f&fettetchhch t_ttypypppppppppe=e=imim aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaggngngnggngngngngnggngnnggngngnggngngngngnng etetetttettetttttetteteteteteteeet i.i.iii.i.i.iiiii.i.iiiii.i.ii.iitpttptptptptpptpptptptttpttttttptpptpptptpptptpppptpt c.c.cc.cc.c.c.cccccc.ccc.coomommomomomomomommommomomoomooomo /m/m///m//m///m//m/mm/mmm/m/m/mm/mm///// agagagagagagagaagagaagagagaggneneneneenenenenenennenennenet/t/t///t/t/t/t//t/t///t//t/t/t/tt/t/t/t/apapapapapppapapappappppppppppppppp//pp/p/p/p/p/p/p/ppp///p/pp////p/p/p//p//p/p///pp/ppp/p/p/p//p/pp//ppp/////ppp/ppp/pppp/p/////////pppppppp///p//ppp/ppp///////////nanananananananananannananananananananaanannanaanaanaaannanananaananaananaaaaaaaanananaanavivvviviviviviviviviviviviviviviivivivivivvivvvivvvvvvvivivvivvvvivvvvvvvvv gagagagagaggagaagggaggagagagaggggagagaggggggggggggggggggggggg tototototootor///////////r/r///r/r//r// iviiiiviviivivivivieweweeeweweweww f_ffffffffffff_ff_filililiilillilililililililileeeeeee.ee. hhhphhphphphhpphphphphpppppppp &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&r=r=r=r==r=r==r=rrrr 161616166116161616166167171717717717717111171171145454545454544445455455455545445445445454545455444454454545444545454554545454579799797997977997979979797979777979979797979797977979797979979979777979779797999997997979999565665656556565656656556565656565665565656565655565665666565565656565656565656565555655 &f&f&fff&&f&&f&f&&f&f&f&f&f&f&f&ff&f&&f&f&f&f&&f&&&&&&f&f&&f&&&&ff&f&&f&&&&&&f&fff&ffffff&fffffffff&ffffffffettteteteteteteteteeeettttetetettettteeeeeeetetettteeeettetetteeetetetttteetetttteeetttetetteteteteteeeeeteeee hhhhhhhhhchchchhhchhhhhhhhchcchccccccccchccchcccccccchchchchchhhcchhhcccchhhhhhhhccccccchhhhhhhhhhhhcccccchhhhhhhcccchhhhhhhhhhhhhhh ttttttttt_ttt_ttttttt_t_t_ttttttt__ttt_ttt_t_t_t_tttttttt_t_t_t__t_t_t__t_ttt_t_ttt_t____t___tttttypypyppypppypppppppppypypypypypyppypypyppppyppyppypypypyppypypypypyppppyppypppyppyyppyyypyypyyppypypppyyypyyyypypyppppyypypypyppppppppyyyypyyyppppppyyyyyyyppppppppyyyyyyyyyppppyyyyyyyyyppyyyyyyyypppppyyyypppyyyyypypypypppyyyyyyyyyppyyyyyyyypppppyyyyyyyyyyyppppeeee=e=ee=e=e=e=e=e=e==e=eee=e=e=e=e=e=eeeeeee=e=e==e=e=eee=e=e==e=e==e=e=ee====e=e==eeeeeeee=e====eeeeeee==e===eeeee=e====eeeee=eeeeeeeeee=eee====e=e=e===e=ee=eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee imimiimimiiimimiimimimimimimiimimimiimimmimimiimimiiiiimimimimimmmmiiimmmimimimimimmmmmmmmmimmmimimimmmmimmmimmmmmmmmimimimmmmmmmmmmmimmmmmmmmmimmmmmmmimmmmmmmmimmmmiimiimmmmmmiiimimmiimmmmiimmiiimmimmmmimmmmmmmmmmmmmaggagagagagaggggggagagagagaggagagagagagagagagggaagagaggaagagagagggagaagagagaggaggggggaaagagagagagagggggggaaaagaagagagagagagggggaaagaaaaagaaggagggggagaaaaaagggggagagaagggaggagaagaaaaagaggaaaaaaaggagaaaaaagaagagaggggggaggaagaaagggggaaaaaagaagaggagaaagaaagaggaggggaggaaaaagaaggggaggaagagagaggggggggagagaaagaagaggaggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggee&eeee&e&e&&e&e&e&&e&&&&e&&e&&&eee&e&&&&eee&e&e&&e&&e&e&e&&e&&&e&&e&ee&e&e&e&e&&e&e&&eee&&e&e&e&&e&&e&eeee&&&&&&&e&e&&eeeee&&e&&e&e&e&e&&&e&e&&&e&eeeee&e&e&e&e&e&&&eee&e&&e&&&&&&eee&&e&e&e&&&&&&&e&&e&&&&e&&e&e&&&&&eeee&e&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&e&e&e&&&&&&&&&&&eee&e&&&&&&&&&&e&e&e&&e&&e&&&&&ee&&&&&eee&ee&&&&&&&eee&&&&&&e&&&&&&eee&&e&&&&e&&&eeee&&&&ee&e&&&&&&aaa_aa_a_aaa_aaaaaaa_aaa_a_aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa_aaaaaaaaa_aaaaa_aaaaaaaaa ididdididddidiididididididdidididididididiididddddidididididdidddddidididdddddiddididdddidiiiddddddiiddidddddddddd=1=1=11=111=1=1=1=1=1==1==1=1=1==1=1=11111111111111111111111111&i&i&&i&i&i&i&i&i&i&i&i&i&i&&&i&&i&i&i&i&i&i&&i&i&i&i&ii&&i&&&&i&i&&&&&&&&&&immgmmgmgmgmgmgmgmgmgmgggmmgmgmgmgmggggmmgmgmgmgmgmgmgmgmgmgmgmggmgmgmmgmmmgmgmmgmgmmgmmmmgg___________ 11111111111111111111111111111111111111&s&s&s&s&s&s&s&s&s&s&s&s&s&s&s&&s&s&s&s&s&&s&&&&&&s&s&s&s&&s&s&s&&s&ss&&&sss&s&&&&&&s&s&&s&s&s&ss&&ss&&ss&sserererererereereeerererereerererererererererererererererrereerrerrereeeeerreeeeerreere vvevevvevevevevevevevevevevevevevevevevevevevevvevevvevvevvevevvevvevvver=r=r=rr=r=r=r==r=rr=r=r=rrrrrrrrrrrrrrr==r==r nnnpnpnpnpnnnnnnnpnpnpnnnpnpnnpppppnnnppnpnppnpnpnnnnnnnnpnpnnnnp&&&&&a&a&&&&&&&&a&&&a&&aa&a&aaa&aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa&aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa777x7x7xx7xx7x7x7xxx7x7x7xx7x7xx7x7xxxxxx7x7xxx7x7x7xxx7xxxx7xxxx7xxxxxxxx7x7x7xxxxxx7xxxxxx7x77777x7xx7xxx7x7xxx7x7777777777xxxxxxxxxx7x7777777777x7xxxx7xxxxxxxxxxxx7777x77777777xxxxxx7xxx7x7xxxxxx7x77777777x7xxx7xxxx7xxx7x77777777x7xx7xxxx7xxxx777777777777x77xx7xxxxx7xxx777777xx7x7x7x7xx7x7xx7xxx7777777x7xx7x7xx7xxxxxxx7777777777x777xxxxxxxxxxx77777777x77xxxxxxxxxxx7x777777777xxxxxxxxxx7777xxxxxxxxx 1=11111=1=11=1=1=111111=111=1=111=1=11=111=111=111=111=1=1=1=1=11=1=1=1=1=============11=1=1========1=1=1=111=1=1=========111=====1=1=1111=1=1=====1=1=111=======1=11=11=======11111111======11=11=====11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssseerereererererererererererererererrereerererererrereerererereeererererereereeeerererererreerereeerererrereererrererrrereererrrrrerrrreerrrrrrererrrrreeeererrrerreerrreeerrrrerrreeerrrrrrererereerrre _iiiii_iiiii_iiii_iii_ii_iiiii__ii_iii_iii_i_iiiii_iiii_iiiiiiiiii___iii_i_iii_iiiii__ii_ii_iiiiiiiii_iiiiiii___iiiiiiii___iiiiiii__iiiiii_i_iiii_iiiiii____i_iiiiii_i___________iiiiii_ii_i______iiddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd=ddddddddddd=d=dddddd=====dddddddd=dd=d=d=d===dddd=dddd=d=dd=ddd=dd=ddd=d=d=d=d=dd=dd=d==d=dd=dd=d==dddddd=d====dddddd==dd=d=d=d=d====d=====d=d=ddd=======dddddddd======d==d=d=ddddd=dd=d=dddddd====d=dddddd===d===d=ddd=dd=d=======ddddddd=====ddddddd=ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhtttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttpppsppppspspspspspspspspsppppsppsppspspspsspppsppspspspppspppsspsssssspppppspssssssspspppppppsppspspsssspppppppspspspsssssspspppppppppsssspppppppppppspspppsssspspspsppppppppspsspppppppppsssssppppspssssspsppspppspsssspspspspspppspppppspppsppppppppp :/:/:/:/://///:///://////////:/:/:/:/:/://///:/:/://///////://:/:/:/://////://///:/:/:/://://:/:///://///:/://///////:///:/:/:/:///:///:/:/://:/:/:/:///////////:/:////:/:////::/:/:////:///////:///://:/://://////:////::/:///////////:///://///////:/://///:/:///:/:////////:///////:/://///////:///:/:://///////////////:////////////////: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 agagagagagagaggagagagagagagagaaggagaaaaagaaggaaaaaaggaaagaaggaaagaaaaagagaaaagaaagaaagaaaaagaaaaaggggggggggggggggggggggneneneneneneneneneneneennenneennneneeeeeenenneeeneeneeeeneeett.tttttt.t.t.t.t.ttttttttt.t..t....t.t...t.t.tt.tt..t.t....ttt...t.t.ttt.t.ttt.tt.t..ititititittitttttitittittitttitittittttitittttiititittititittttitiiititittitttitiititittitittitiiittitittttititititiittitiititiiittppppppp.ppppppppp.ppp.pppp.pp.pppppppp.pppp.ppp.ppppppppppppppppp.pppppppp.ppppp.p.p.p.pppp.pp.p.p.p.pppp.p.ppp.pp.p.pppppp.p.ppp.ppp.p.p.ppp.p.ppp.p.pppp.p.pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc ====================1212121212121212121212121212121212112112221222212121222221222122122112111111111111111 7477474747474747474747444747477474474474747777774477 15151515151515151115555818181818188888818188888118181888188811818818888888888811111111888888888888118181181188888811118118118188888181111118118188888888188188111811111118888888881881111111111118888888888 &&s&&s&&s&ss&&&s&&&&s&&&s&&&ss&&&&&s&&s&&s&s&ss&s&ss&&&&&&&&&&sss&&&&s&s&&&&&&&&&&sssss&&&&&&&s&&&&&&&&&&sss&&&s&&&&&&&&&&&&s&&&&s&s&sssssssss&&&&s&&&&&&&&&&&&&s&s&sssssssssss&&&&&&&&&&&&&s&s&&&s&sssss&sssss&&&&s&&&&&&&s&s&&&&&sssssss&s&&&&s&&&&&&&&&&&s&s&ssssssssss&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&s&sssss&&&&s&&&&&&&&&&s&&&&sssssssssss&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&sssssssss&&&&&&&&s&s&&&&&&s&&&ssssssss&&&&&s&&&&&&&&&&&ssssss&&&&&s&&&&&&s&sss&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&s&sssslllllllllll_lll_llll_l_lllllllllllllll_lllllllllllllllllll_l_ll_llllllllll_l_llllllllllllllllllllllll__lllll_l__l_llllllll__l_llllllllllll_ll_l__llllll___llll_____________lllll____________ll_l_________iiididididddiddiddddddddiddiiiiiiiididdddididdddiddidddiiiiididdddidddiddddiddidiiididddddddidddidiiiiiiiddddddddiiidiidddiddidddidddddddiiiiidiiiddiddididddiddidddidiiiiiiididididdiddddididiiiididdidididdddiiiiiddddddidididiiiididddiddidiiiidddidddddddddiiiiidddddddidiiidiiddddddddidiiiiiidiiddddddddidiiiidddddddiiiiddiddddiiiiiididididdiiiidddiididiidddidididddididddidiiddddddiidddidd=2222=2==22=22=2=2=22=2==2====2==2=2=2=2222=22=2==2===2=2=2==2==2==2=2=222222=2=22=2=2==2=2222=2=2=2=2222=222222=2=2=2=2222=2=2=22====2=2=22222=2==2=22222=2==2=2==2222222=2=2==222=2222===2=22222222=2=2=2=2222=2=2==22222222==2222=2==222222=2====2=222=2===222===2=22222=====222222222222222222222222222222222222222&&&&&c&&c&c&c&c&c&&&&&c&c&c&cc&c&&&&c&c&c&&&c&ccc&c&c&&&&&c&&&&&cc&c&&&&&&&&&&&&cc&cc&c&&&&&&&&&&c&ccc&c&c&&&&&&c&&&&&&cc&c&&c&c&&&&&&&&&&c&&&&&&&&cc&c&&&&&&&&&&&&ccc&c&&&&&&&&&&&&cccccccc&cccc&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&c&c&ccccc&cc&cc&ccc&c&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&c&cccccccc&&&c&&&&&&&&&&&&c&&cccccccccc&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&ccccc&c&cccc&&&&c&c&c&&c&&c&cc&cccccccc&&&&&c&&&cccc&cccccc&&&&&&&cccccccc&&&c&ccccccccc&&c&&&&&&&&cccc&c&cccc&c&c&c&&&&&&c&cccccc&ccc&&&&&&&ccccc&cc&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&cc&c&cc&c&&&&&&&&&&&&&&c&cccccc&cc&c&&&&&&&&&&&ccccccc&&&&&&&&&&&c&&&c&cccc&ccc&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&cccccccc&&&&&&&&&&c&&&cccccccccc&&&&&&&&&cccccccccoooooooooomomomomomoomommmmmmmmmmmmmmmmommmmommommmoooooooooooomomomooommmmmmmmommmommmmomommmooooooooooomommomommmmmmmmmmmmmmmooooooooooomooommmmmmmmmommmomooooooooooomommmmmmmmmmmomoooooooomommmmmmmmmomomoomoooooooomommmmmmmmomommmommmmmmmmomooooommmmmmmmmmomomooooooooommmmmmmmmommooooooooommmmmmmmoooommmmmooooommoooooooommmoooommooooooooooomooooommmooommmooooo iiiiiniiiniinnnnniiiniiinnninnniiiiniiiinnininiiiininnnnininiininiininninniniiiininininninnninininnnnniniiinnnnnnnniiiinnnnnnnnnnnnniniiiiinnnnnniiniinnnnninniiinnnnnnnninnniiiiiinnnnninnnnninnniiiiinnnnnnnnnniiiiiiinnininninnnnniiniinnnnnnnnnniiiiiinnninnnnnnnnniiniinnninnnniinnnnninnninnnnnnnnnniinnnnnnnnniiinnnnnnnnnnnniiiinnnnnnnnninnnnnniiiiiniinnnninnininnnnnniiiiiiniinninnnnnnngggggggggggggg_g__g_g_g_g_ggggggg_ggggggg___gggg_gg_g_ggggggggg_g_g_gggggg_ggggggggg_ggggg_g_ggggggg_ggggggggggggg_g_g__ggggggg_g__g_g_gg_gggggg_g_g_g___ggggg__g_g_g_g_gggggg__ggg_ggg_ggggg__g_ggggg_ggggggg_gggggggg_g_g_gg_g__ggg_ggggggg___ggg_gg______gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg frfrfffrffffrffrfffrrfrfrfrfrfrfrfrfrffrffrfrffrfrrfrfrfrfrffrfrfrffrfrffrfrfrfrfrfrfrfrfrffrfrffrfrfrfrffrfrffffrfrfffrfrffrfrfrfffrffrfrfrrfffffrfffrrrfffffrfrfrfrffffrrffffffffrfffffffffrffrffrrrfffrffrfffrfrfrrrfffrfrrrfrrfrrrrffrrffrrrfrrfrfrfrrfrrffffrfrrfrrfrrrrrrrfrrrffffrfrfrrrrrfffrfrfrrrrrrrrrromomomomomomoooomooommommomomomomomomommommmommmmmmomomomomoomoooomoomomomomomommmmommmmomommmmmooomooomoomoomommommmmmommmmoooomooommmmmmmmmomomoooooommmmommommmoooooooooooomommommmooooooommmmomommmooooommommmmommmoooomomomomommmmmmmmomooomoommmmommmmmommmmooommmmmmmmmmmoooommmmmommmooooommmmmmmmmmmoommmmmmmmmmmooommmmmmooooommmmommmmmmmmooooommmmmmooooo ===n=n=n=n==nn=nnnnnnn=n=n=n===n==nn=nnnnn=n====nnn=n==nnn=n=n==nnn=n=nn=n=n===nnnnn=nnn=nnnnn==nnnnnnn=n======nn=nnn=nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnavavaavavvvvvvaaavvavvaaavvvvaavavvvvvaavavavvavvvvvvavaavvavvvavvvvvavvvvvvvaavvavvvvvvavaaaavvvvvavvvvvavvvvaavvvavavvvavavaaaavavavaaaavvvvigiiiigiigigigigigggiiigiigiiigiggigiiigiigigigiiigigigiigigigigiiigiigiigigiiggigiiggggggggigiigiggggggggiigggggigigigiiggggggggiggigigigigiggggggggggiigigiggggggggggggiiigigiggggggggggiiiggggggggggiiiiggggggggggiiiiggggggiiiiigggiiiiggggiiiiiiiggiiiiggggggiiiggggiigiigiigigggiigigigiigiggggggggggggggggggggggggggaatatatatatatatatttatttttttataaaaattattatatatataaaaaaaataaattttataatttaaaaaaaatttataaatataaaaaattaaaaaaaaaaattaaaatatatttaaaaaataaaatatttttttaaaaaaaaaaaatatattttttttttaaaaaaaaatatattttattaaaaaaatatatatatttttttaaaaaattttaataaaaaaaattttaaaaaataaaaaaatattaaaaaaatattttttaaaaaataaaatatttaaaaatattttaaaaatatttaaatatttttte&eeeee&&&&&&&&&e&ee&&&&&&&&ee&&&&&&ee&&&&&&&&&&&&e&e&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&e&&e&&&&&&&&e&e&&&&&&&eeeee&&e&e&&&&&&eee&&&&&&&&&ee&&&&&&&eeeee&&e&&&&eeeee&ee&e&ee&&&e&e&e&&&&eeeeeeeee&e&&&&e&&&&eeeeeeeee&e&e&e&e&&&&ee&eeeeeee&&&&&&&&eee&e&e&eee&e&e&&&&&e&ee&e&&&&ee&ee&ee&&&&&&&&eee&e&ee&&&&&&ee&&&&&&eee&e&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&ee&&&&&&&&&ee&&&e&&&&&&&e&e&&&&&&&&&&eee&&e&&&&&&e&r=r=rr=r=r=r=r=r===r===r=r=r==r=r=r==rrr=rrrr 16161616161616161616161616161616161616166161611616666 8888888881&1&1&1&1&1&1&1&1&1&dddyddyyyyyyydyddddyyddddyyyyyydddyyydddyyyyyyyddddddyyyydddddddyyddddddydyyyyyddddddddyyyyyyddydyddydyddydydyyyyddydyddydyyyyyyyyyyyddddddyyyyyyydddddddydyydyyyyyyyyyyddyyyyyyyyyyyddddyyyyyyyyyydyydddddddyyyydyyyyyyyydddydyyyyyyyyyddddyyyydydydddddyyyddddyyyyyyydddddyydyddddyyyyyyydddyyyyyyydddddddddyyddyddyyyyydddyddddydydyydydydddddyddyyyyyydddydydydyyyyydyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyynnnananannanananananaaananaannnannnnnananananananananananannnannnnnnnannaaaaaanaanaaaanannnnanannnnannaaanaaanaaaannnnannnananaaaaaaaaaanannnnnnannnnaaaaaaaaanaannnnnnnnnannanaanannannnnnnnnananaaaaaaaannnnnnnanaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnaaaaaaaaanaannnnnnnnaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnaaaaaannnnnnnnaaaaaannnnnnnnananannaaaannnnnnnnnnannaaaannnnnnnnnaaaaaaaaaaaannanaaaaaaaannnnanaaaaannannnaaaaaaaaaannannnnnnnnnnaaaaaaaaaaamimiiiimimmmiiimiimiimiiimiiiimimimmimmimimiimimimimimmimimiimiiiimiimimimmiimmmimimmimiiimimimimmimmimiiiiiiiimmmmiimiiimimimmmmmimmimmmimiiiiimimimimimmmmmimmimimimiimimimimmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmimmmimiiimmmmmmmmmmmmimmimiimmmmimmimmmimiimimmmmmmmmimimmmmiiiiimmmmmmmmmimiiimmmmmmmmmimmmimimimiiimmmmimmmimmmiimmmmmmmmmmimmmmmmmmmmmmiiiimmmmmmmimimmmiiimmmmmmmmmimiiimmmmmmmmmmmmimimmmiiiimmmmmmmmmmmmmiiiiimmmmmmmmmmmmimmmmmmmmmimmmmmmimmmmmmmmmmmmmmmiiiic_cc_ccccccc_c_ccc_cc_cc_c_cc_cccccccccccc_cccccccccc_ccc_cccccc__ccccc_ccc_cc_c__cc_ccccc_ccccccc_ccccccccccc____ccc_cccccccc_cccccc_ccccccccccccccccccc_ccccccc_ccccccccc_____cccc____ccc___crccrcrccrcrccrccrcrrcrrcrrcrcrccccrcrccrccccccrcrcccrcrcrrcccccrcrcccrrcrcrcccrcrrrcrcccccrcrrrcrcccccrcrcrcrrrrcccrcrccrrrcrrcrcccccrcrcrrrrrrccccccrrrrrccccrcccrrrccrccrrrrcccccccccrrrrrrrccccrrrrrrrrccrrrcccrrrrrrrrcccrrrrrrreeaeeaeaeeeaeaeaeaeaeeaeeeaeeeaaaaeeaaeaaaeaeaeeaeaeaaeaeaaeaeeaeaaaaaaeeeaeaaaeaeeeaeaeeaeaeaaaaaaaaaaeaeeeaeeeaaaaaeeeeeaaaaaaaaeeeeeaeeeaeaaaaaaaaaaaaeeeeeaaaaaeaaaaaeeeeeeaaaaaaaaaaaaeeeeeeeeaaaaaaaaaaaaatiiitttiitititititiiiitititititiitiiitiiiittiiiittiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitittiiiiiiiittiiiiiiitiitiiiiittiitiiittiitiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiitiiitiiiiiitttttiitiiiiiittttiitiiiitiiittttttttiiiiititiitttttttiiiiiiiittttttttiiiiiiitiitttttttititititiiiitttttitititititiiiiittttttiiiitttttttiiititttttittiitiitttttiitiittitttttitiiiioooooonnnnooooononnnnoooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnnooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnoooooononnnnnnnnnnnnoooooooooonnonnnnnnnnnnnooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnnooooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnoooooooononnnnnnnnnnnoooooooooonnnnnnnnnnnoooooonoonnnnnnnnnnnnnooooooonoonnnnnnnnnnnoooooooonnnnnnnnnooooooonnnnnnnnoooooooooononnnnnnnnnnnnoooooooooonnnnnnnnooooooooonnnnnnnnnoooooooonnnnnnnnnnoooooonnnnnnnnn 1=111111111111111111111=1=111=111111111==111=1111111=1=111111111=1====111111=1=111111========1111111==========1==11111===========1111============111111===========111111111========1=1===1111111========1==11111111==========1=111111111============11111111========1==111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111&&&&&&&&&u&&u&&u&u&&&&&&&&u&u&u&u&&&&&u&&&u&&&&u&&u&&u&u&uu&&&&&&&&&u&&u&&u&&&u&&uuuu&&&&&&&&&&&&u&&u&&&uu&&&&&&&&&u&&&&u&&&&uuu&&&&&&&&u&u&uu&&&&&&&&u&&&uuuuuuuuuuuu&&&&u&uuuuuuuuu&&&u&u&uuuuuuuuuu&&&u&&&&uuuuuuuu&u&&&u&&&u&uuuu&uu&&&u&&u&uuuuuu&uu&u&&u&u&&u&u&uuuuu&u&&&u&&&u&uuuuu&u&&u&&&u&uuuuu&uuu&u&&&&&&u&u&uuu&u&uuu&&u&u&u&&&&&&u&u&u&uuu&u&uuu&uuuuu&&u&&&&&&&u&u&uu&u&uuuuu&&&&&&&&&&&&&u&uuu&u&uuuuu&&&&&&uu&u&uuu&&&&&u&uu&&&&&&uuuuuu&&&&&uuuuu&u&u&&&uuuuusesseseseseeseeseseseeesssssssessesseeeeeessssseeessseseseseeeeeesseseseseeeesssseseeeeeesseeeeeessssssesssseesssssesesessseseseseessssseeesssssseseeeeessssssssseeeessssssseeeessssssssseesssssssseessssssssseeeeeeesssssseeeeerr_rrrrr_rrr_rrr_r_rrr_rrrr_rrrrr_rrrrrrrr_rrrrrrrr_r_rr_rrrrrrrrrrrr__rrrrrrrrrr__rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr__rrrrrrrrr_r_rrrrrrrr_rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr__rrrrrrr_r______rrrrrrrr_r_____rrrrrrr_r_______iiiiidddddddddddiddiidddddidddddidiiididddddddddddiiiiidididididddddiddididddiddiiididdididddddddididiiidddiddddiiiiididididdddidididdddidiiddiddddiidddddiiidddddidididddddiiiidddddddiidddddidididdddddddiddddiididddddiddddiiiiddddddddddddddiididddiiidddddddddiiiidddiidddiddddiidiidddddiddddddd=1==1=1=1=1=1111111111=1==1=1=1=1111111111=1=1=1=1=1=11=111111111=1=1=1=1=1=1111111==11==1=1=1=111=1====11111111===1===1=111=====111111111====111111111======1111========111========1111============11=11=====111=11111========1111=========1111111===========111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111131111313133131333333311313113333133333311313333331131313333313333333111133133333111313133333333311111113313333111133333331111333333131111333331131331111131331131333131313333313111311313331131333111133311111333111113331111333111133333331111111113333344444444444444444666666666664444444444444666666664444444444466666666644444444466666666664444444444666666666444444446466666666444444446646664646666664644444446466644444444444646646466464666444444644444646664666464664464644646464646666646444444646646646466464464666466464444446466644444444646666444444464666466464444444666664664666444666664644466646664464646466666666669999199999999991111111111911919999999919999991911911111111111999999991919199111111119999991999119119191911199991919919991191919119111119999999191911111199199199199111119999991999111111119999919919199191111111999999911111199199991111111119199999191111119999999919919191111199999999111111999991111919199999191111999919119111999911911999119991111119999999991119999111999999991999999911199999 &s&s&&s&s&s&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&s&&s&&&s&&&&&&&&&&&&&&ss&s&&&&s&&s&&&&&&&&&&&s&&s&&s&s&s&s&&&s&s&&s&&s&&&&s&s&s&&s&s&s&s&s&s&s&&s&&s&s&s&s&&&&&&&&&s&s&&s&s&s&ss&&&&&s&&&&&&&&&&&&&s&&sss&s&&s&&s&&&&&&&&&s&&&s&s&sssssss&&&&&&s&&&&s&s&s&s&s&s&ss&s&s&s&sssss&s&s&&&&&&&&s&s&s&&s&s&&&s&s&ssss&s&s&s&s&s&s&s&ssss&s&&&s&&s&s&&s&s&s&s&s&&sss&&&&s&s&s&&s&ss&sss&s&&&s&&sss&s&&&s&&&&ss&s&&&&&&&sss&s&&&s&sssss&s&&&s&ss&s&s&s&&&&&s&s&&&&&s&&s&s&sss&&&&&&&&&&sserererrerererrrereeeeeeeeeeeerrreeereeeeeeeeeeeereereereeeeeeeeereerrrrrreererereeeeeeerererrrrrrreereeeeeerereeeerrrrrrrrererereeeeeererrrrrrrrrrreeeereeeeeeererrrrrrrereeeereeerrrrrrreeeeeererereerrrrrrrreeeeereeeererrrrrrreereeererrrrrrrrrrreeeereererrrrrrrerreereeeerrrrrrrreeeeeeererrrrrererereeeeerrrrerereeeerererrrrrrereerrrerrereeeerrrvevevvevveveveveveeeeevvevvvveeevvvvvveeeeeeeeeeveveeveeeeeevevveeeeeeeeevvveveveeeeevvvevvveeeevvvvvvvvvveeevvvvevvvvvveeeeeveevvevevvvvvvvvveeeeevvevvevvvveeeeveeeeeveeveeevvvvvvveeeeveeeeevvvvvvevveeveveeveveevvvvvvvvevvvveveeveeevevvvvvvveveveeeeevvvvvvvvvvvevvvvvveevvvvvvvvvvvveerrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr mmamamamaamammamaaamamammmammaaaaaamamamamaaaamaaagggngngngngngngngngnngngnggngngngngnggnnngnnngnnnnngnnnngngngnnnngnnnnngnngngnnnnnnngnnnnnnnnnnnnnnngnnnnngggngngnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnngnnnngnnnnnngggngngngnnnngnngnnnnnggggggngnngnngnngngnnnnggnnnnnnngggggggggnngnngnnngnnngggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg eeetttteeteteeetettettteteteteteteeteeetetteteteteteetetttttetetetettttttetetettttttteettttttteeeeeeteeettttttteeteeteetttteeeeeetetttteteeetetetetetttteetetetteeetetteteteteetteeetttteeteeteeeeettettteeettetetettetetetee /////////////a////a/aa/a/a/////////////a/a///a/a////a/a///a/a////a/aa//a//a/a/a/a//a//a//a/a//a/a//a/////////a/a/a/////a/a///a/aa/a////a/////aaa/a/a/a////a//a/a/a/a/a/a/a/////a/a//////a//a/a//a/a///a/a/aaaaaaaaa/a/a/a//a//a/aaaaa/aaa/a/a///a/a/a/a/aaaaaaa///a/aaaaaaaaa//a///aaaaa/a////a/aaaaa//////aaa//////a/a/a/aaaaaa/////a/aaaaa////aa/a///a/aaaa/////aaaa//////aa/aaaaa/a/////a/aaaaa/a/a/////aaa//////aaaaa////aaa/a/////aaaaaa/a/////////////////////////////////////////////////////// pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp//n//n//////////////n///nnn/nn//////n///n//n//n/nnn/////n/////////nnn/n///n/nn/n//////nn/////n/n/nnnn/n///n/nn/n/n/////n/nn/n/n/n////n/n/n/n////n/n/n/n/n/nn//n/nn/nnn/nnnnnn//n/nnn/nnn///nnnnnn/nnnnnn///nn/nnnnnnn////nn/nnnnnnn////////nnnnn/n//n/n//n/n/nn/nnnn/nnnn///n//n///n/n/n/nn/n/nn/nn/nnn///n//n////n/n/n/n/nnnnn/n////n/n/n/nn/n/n/nn/n/nn/nn/n////n//////n/n///////n/nn/nn//////nn/nn/////////nn///////nnnn/////nnn/n/n//n/nnn//nnn/////////////////////////////// aaaaavavavavavavavavaaaaaaaavavavavavaavavavvavavavavaaaaaaaaaaaaavavavavaaaaaaaaaaavavavvvaaaaaaaaaavvvvavaaaaaaavvavavaaaaaaaavavavavvvavvaaaaaaavavvvvvvvvvvaavvavvvvvaaaaaaavavavvvvavavvavavavvvvaaaaavavavvvavavvvvavvaaavaavavvvvvvavavvvaaaavvvavavvvaavavavvavvvaaaavvavvvavavavavavvvavaaaaaaavviigigigigigigigigiiiiiiiigigigigiiiiigiiiigigigiigigiigigiigigiiggiigiiiiigiggggiiiiiiiiigiigggigiiiigiiigigiigigiiigigiggigiiiiggigggggggiiiiigigggggggiiiiigiggggggiiigigiggggigiiigiggigiiigggiiggggggiiiiggggiiigggiiiiigggigiggiiiiigigggiggiigigigiggigigggiggggiigiggigggiggiggiiggiggggigggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggatatatatatatatatttatattatatttatatttattattatatatatattatatatattattatatatattatatatattataaattattttattaaaaaataaattttttatataatttttttatataaaaaataatatatttttttataaaaaaaaatatttattaaaaaaaataataatttaataaaaaataataatattataaataaaaaatataaaaaataaataaaatatataaaaaaatttataaaaaaaaattattttttaaaaaaaaatattattttttatataaaaaaaaaaaaattttatattataaaaaaaaaaaatattatattataaaaaaatatatattaaaaaattatattattttaataaaaaaattaaatoroororoooorrrrrrrooooorrroooorrrooooroooooorrrrrrrrooroorooooorooorrrrorrrrrororororoorooooooororrrrrorrrororororoorooooooorrorrorrrrorrororororooororrrrrorrrrrrorooooorrrrrrrrrrrrororooorrrrrrrrrrooroooroorooorrrrrrrrroooooooroorrorrrrrrrroooooooooooroorrroorooooooooorrroooorooorrrrrooooooooroorrrooooooroooorrrrrooooooororrrrrrooorooorrrrrrrrroroorooorrrrrroooorrrr///v/v/v//v////v/v/v//v/v/v/v/v/v/v/v////v/v/v///v//v//v//v/v/v//v///vv/v/v//v/v///v/v/v/v/v/////////v/vv/v/v/////////v/v/v/v/v/v/vv/////v/v/v/v/v/v///v/v/v/vvv//v/v/vvvv//v//v/vvvvvvvv/v/vvvvvvv///vv/vv/v///vv/vvv///vvvvvvv//vvvvv///vvvv////vvvv/////////v/v/vv/////vvv////vv//v/vv///vvvv/vvvv/////// ieieieieiiieieieieieieieieieieeieiiieiieieieieieeieiieieeeiieieieieeeeieeeeieieeeeeiieeeeieiieeeieiieiiiiiieeeiiiiiiiieiiieiiiieeeeeeieiiiiiieeeeeeiiiieieeeeeeeeeeiiiieeeeeeiiiiieeeeeiiiiiiieeeeeeeieieiiiiieeeeeeeeiiiiieieeiiiiiiiieiiiiiiieeeiieiiiiiiiiiiiiiiieeeeeewwww_ww_w_w_www_wwwww_ww_w_w_wwwwww_w_ww_wwwww_w_wwwwww_w_w_wwwwwwww_w_w_wwwwwww_w_w_ww_w_w_wwwwwwww_w_wwwwwwwwwww_wwwwww_ww_wwwwwwwwwww_wwwwwwww_www_ww_wwww_wwww__wwwww fififfififififififiififififfifififififfifififififiifiiiifffififiiiffifiiiifififiiifiiiiiffiifffiiiffiffiiiifffiiiiiffififfiiifffiiiifffffifiiiifffififififiiiffffffifiififiiiiffffififiifiiifffifififiiiiififfffifffifiiffffffiiiifffffififiiiillllllllllelleeeeelllllleeelllllleeellllleeellllelllellllleellllellllleeeelelllllllleeleeleellllllleeleellelelleleleelellleleeeeeeeleelllleeeeleeeeeeeeelllleleleleeleleeleeeeleellllleeleleeeellleleeleelelelllllleleeleleleleellelleeeleeleleeeellellllleelllelllllelllleelllleeelllleeeeee ppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp.pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp.ppppppppppppppppppppppppppp..ppppp.pppp.ppppp...ppppp...ppppppppp....ppppppppppp...p.p.p.pp.ppppppppppp.p.pp.p.ppppppppp..p.p..p.pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppphhhhphphphphphhphhphphphphhhphphhphpppphphhphphphppphphphphphhhhhhphhphppphphphphphphphhhphhphphppphphphhppphhhphhhphpphphphphpphphpphphhphphhphphpphphphhphhppphpphhphphhhppphpphphphhhphpphphhphhhhpphphphphphhphhppppphphhhphphpppppphphhpphphpphpppppphphphpphphpppphphphhphpphpphphpppphphhhppphppphhhhphppphppppphhhphhhppphhpppphphhhhhhhpphpppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp?s???????s?s??????s?s?s?s?s?ss?s?????????????ssss?ss?s?s??s????????s?s?s?s?s?s??s??s??????s?ss????s?sss??????????s?sss??????sss????ss?sss????s??s??sss?s?s?????ssss?s????s??????sssss?????sssssss??????sss????sssss??s?sssssssss???sssssssss??s?sssss?????sssss?ss?????sssssssss??????sssssssss?????ssssss????ssss?????s?sssssss????ssss?? fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff_fffffffff_ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff_fffffffffffffffffffffff_ffff_ffffff_ff_ffffffffff_f_f_ff_fffffffff_f_ff_fff__ffff_f_ff_ffff_ff__fffffffffffff_ff_f_f_fffffffff__fffff____f_ffff_ffff_f____ffff_f_f__idididdiddiddddddidddddididididididddiddidididddddiiiiiidddididdididiiiiiiidididdiddididiiiiididddiddiiiiidididdiidididdidiiiididiiiidididiiiiiidddididiiididdididdddidiiddidddiiididdddddiiiidididddiiididdidididdiiiidddidiiiiidddiiidiiiidddiididiiiiidiidddddiidddddddiddddidiiididdddiddiddddiddddd 1=1111=11=11=1111111=1111====1=11111=1=11111111==1=1111=11==1=1=111=11111=====1==1111==11111111111===111=111=1=11111==1====11111=1===1=111=1==1=1=1========1=1==1=11=111111111111111111111111127222727272727727727272727272727272222272272727272722727277772777227272722227222772777727222227272777272227222727777277727222777772727222722222777777727272227272777772222777772727272272772777722727727227777772272277777222777272277277222727272777272272227777722227777277277777272277727772722272277777777777777777777444144444414141414141414444444444444444411414141141414141414414444411414141141141444444441111111414144444144411414444411111444141411114414141144414141414111444441141414111114444441114441411111144141111111144441111444444111111144444444441141114444441114444444444411111114444444444141114444444411111444444411411444441111114444441114444441111444111155555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555The emergence of the world’s largest construction site in Saudi Arabia, driven by Vision 2030 and a surge in real estate activities, will require the kingdom’s infrastructure to transform and support the next phase of economic growth and development. Most recently, plans have been unveiled to develop the world’s largest airport – King Salman International Airport – in Riyadh, with a passenger capacity of 185 million, more than London Heathrow and Dubai International combined. Clearly, the airport will facilitate the expected 100 million tourists to pass through the kingdom’s gateways by 2030 and complement the plans to develop 310,000 hotel rooms, which is more than the current number of hotel rooms in the UAE (200,000). Besides physical infrastructure, opportunities exist in the form of soft infrastructure that involves rules and regulations linked to hospitality sector investments and bulk recruitment, which are also key areas of opportunity. The residential sector Regarding residential real estate, plans are underway to build over 555,000 new homes across the existing cities in the kingdom, including the gigaprojects or future cities. For the latter, NEOM remains the single largest project and is expected to deliver around 300,000 new homes, housing a population of close to 9 million when complete. The infrastructure required for the $500 billion supercity of the future goes beyond energy, connectivity and transport infrastructure like roads, railways and flights (as well as global connectivity). Creating and fostering a community will be key. Community infrastructure is already a top priority for Saudis. The next generation, many of whom have either been educated in the West or heavily exposed to Western culture, seek shared facilities and amenities, such as day-care facilities, schools, hospitals, clinics, supermarkets, mosques, malls, convenience retail, and wellbeing facilities, all within walking distance. Ideally, these facilities should be located in self-contained developments. Indeed, in our 2022 Saudi Report, we found that the top three sought-after community infrastructure amenities included being near a mosque, followed by a range of retail-linked amenities. The popularity of such developments continues to rise, as evidenced by highly successful master-planned communities such as those being developed by ROSHN in both Riyadh, Jeddah, and elsewhere. The key to community infrastructure will be to ensure that it is linked to the wellbeing of the kingdom’s inhabitants. With the population slowly starting to swell as expatriates arrive in large numbers – the number of expats in the kingdom grew six-fold in the 12 months to September 2022 to 1.2 million – there is a much greater focus on the public realm, as well as the liveability and habitability of Saudi cities. Wellbeing is already at the heart of government plans – from the $23 billion ‘Green Riyadh’ project, which will involve planting 7.5 million trees and creating parks and public squares, to the development of over 80 educational institutions costing $8 billion and the investment of $13.8 billion to develop 19,000 hospital beds. The kingdom is placing wellbeing at the center of its infrastructure plans. MMC Finally, the quantum of real estate and infrastructure developments planned to be delivered by 2030 aims to achieve the unicorn-like triad of cost, speed, and quality in an ideal world. While challenges lie ahead, there are also opportunities. For instance, when used in conjunction with traditional construction methods, modern methods of construction (MMC), such as offsite manufacturing, 3D printing, or modular construction, can aid in meeting the tremendous development targets in a more timely and cost-effective manner. INFRASTRUCTURE WILL BE KEY TO UNLOCKING VISION 2030 | OPINION | 8 Contributed by: Faisal Durrani, Partner – Head of Middle East Research at Knight FrankConstructive. Credible. Connected CCoonnssttrruuccttiioonn WWeeeekk is the leading industry brand delivering exclusive multimedia content that matters to the Middle East. Site Visits Experience hands-on access to the region’s construction sites through our multimedia platforms. Exclusive columns Get daily insights from the industry experts shaping the cities of the Middle East. Lists Read our comprehensive annual ranking of the Middle East’s most powerful names from the built environment. Multimedia platforms Be the first to hear our weekly podcast series, world-renowned webinar series and thought-provoking range of videos. Events Get early bird access to be first in line for our industry-leading conferences and awards. Tenders Learn about the latest tenders from the most exciting projects and developments throughout the Middle East. Sign up today for unrestricted access to CCoonnssttrruuccttiioonnWWeeeekkOOnnlliinnee..ccoomm AN ITP MEDIA GROUP PUBLICATIONNext >