< PreviousRADAR January 2020 · AVIATION BUSINESS 10 www.aviationbusinessme.com Emirates serves half-a-million Christmas meals over December Festive menu and retail initiative aim to draw more business over holiday season Flydubai leased four Boeing 737s to boost its capacity over the busy travel sea- son while its 14 Max aircraft remained grounded. The agreement with Smart- wings is supplementing fl ydubai’s fl eet of 40 NG Boeing 737s throughout January. Flydubai’s decision to wet lease the four aircraft from the Czech Republic-based airline was due to the continued ground- ing of its 737 Max since last March. Ghaith Al Ghaith, CEO at fl ydubai, said: “The continued grounding of our MAX aircraft has had a signifi cant im- pact on our operations with a 30% reduc- tion of our fl ying schedule. We are taking every effort to minimise disruption for our passengers and these four additional aircraft enable[d] more passengers to have more options to travel during the holiday season.” fl ydubai forced to lease more 737s amid ongoing Max grounding LEASE AGREEMENT Lease for four NG 737s minimises further disruption to fl ydubai’s passengers over busy winter holiday season The all-economy class leased aircraft are operating on select routes on the fl y- dubai network including: Bahrain, Co- lombo, Faisalabad, Karachi, Kuwait, Muscat, Multan, Prague and Sialkot. Flydubai said it continues to review its plans, “exploring all options to minimise disruption to its passengers with the grounding of the Boeing 737 MAX air- Carrier is diversifi ng its funding sources, according to chief exec. Smartwings has provided the four 737s. Flydubai has secured a $500 million fi - nancing facility from Emirates NBD, Noor Bank and Dubai Islamic bank. The facility will be used towards refi nancing the carrier’s fi rst Sukuk issued in 2014, which matured recently. Ahmed Al Qassim, head of corporate and institutional banking at Emirates NBD, said: “The fi nancing demonstrates our commitment towards supporting fl ydubai. As a leading fi nancial institu- tion in the region, our aim is to provide innovative solutions to our valued cli- ents in order to achieve their long-term objectives.” Ghaith Al Ghaith, CEO at fl ydubai fl ydubai nets $500m fi nancing facility from banks FINANCE ‘We continue to explore ways to further diversify our sources of funding’, says chief executive said: “We continue to explore ways to further diversify our sources of funding, while at the same time optimising our cost of funding. We are pleased to see the craft and these aircraft will not rejoin the operating schedule until it has received regulatory approval by the GCAA”. The GCAA will only approve the Max for fl ight once its US counterpart, the FAA, is satisfi ed. The FAA has reiterated that the 737 Max will not be cleared for service until it has completed ‘numerous rounds rigorous testing’ and is completely satisfi ed. healthy appetite in the market that has enabled us to successfully raise the fi ve- year term loan for $500 million to refi - nance our fi rst Sukuk issued in 2014.”11 January 2020 · AVIATION BUSINESS www.aviationbusinessme.com AVIATION BUSINESS ACHIEVEMENT AWARDS 2020 SAVE THE DATE! 31 MARCH 2020 Aviation Business Achievement Awards set to honour the top companies and individuals blazing a trail and innovating in the Middle East’s fast-evolving and colourful aviation industry NEED-TO-KNOW • When Tuesday 31st March 2020 • Where Dubai, venue TBC • Who Top executives, industry luminaries and aviation bright sparks from the region’s top companies. Contact the team if youare interested in attending. • nominations For nomination enquiries, please contact: Joe Peskett (+971 4 444 3305/joe. peskett@itp.com) • sales & enquiries For table sales and event enquiries, please contact: Teri Dunstan (+971 4 444 3227/teri.dunstan@itp.com) January 2020 · AVIATION BUSINESS 12 www.aviationbusinessme.com INNOVATION DREAMING IN GREEN Etihad Airways and Boeing launch new testbed designed to eke marginal performance gains from 787 Dreamliners and improve the effi ciency of aircraft across the industry. around the 787, of which we have 36 currently, and we plan to go up to a fl eet of approximately 50 787s. We believe it’s the most effi cient aircraft in the skies today and it’s in excess of 20% [more effi cient] than anything else we operate.” Etihad and Boeing’s chiefs insist that the Greenliner will not simply be a marketing ploy but is designed to bring about real operational improvements, not just for Etihad and Boeing, but for the wider airline community. Douglas notes that the pair is issuing a call to the whole of the aviation industry to fi nd “every small incremental benefi t that will increase the operational performance of [the Greenliner], using data, using engineering innovation [and] using new science and technology”. He says: “There are a number of initiatives that we have already started with. In 2018 we did the fi rst- ever single use plastics initiative, where we took out of the aircraft all of those plastic products. Off the back of that we’ve now been able to sustainably take out 40% [of single use plastics]. We’re hoping to be able to reduce single use plastics Boeing and Etihad Airways launched a joint new venture recently in which one of the airline’s 787 Dreamliners will serve as a fl ying laboratory for testing procedures and initiatives that could further reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions. The initiative sees a specially-liveried 787 enter service and operate regular fl ights in Etihad Airways’ network, while periodically serving as a testbed for assessing environmental sustainability initiatives. The ‘Greenliner’s’ inaugural ‘eco fl ight’ takes off from Abu Dhabi for Brussels during Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week this month, incorporating a wide range of environment-focused initiatives. Etihad will run a social media campaign centred on the Greenliner, providing updates on its travels and effi ciency gains. Unveiling the project at the Dubai Airshow in November, Etihad Airways CEO Tony Douglas said that the initiative is “a small step in a very, very long journey”. “We’re going to try and make this aircraft a social media star, so every time it goes somewhere, every time there is a new initiative connected to it, we’ll share it with the world as part of what we want to bring into sharper focus in regards to environmentally sustainable performance in the commercial aviation space.” The project will essentially double up as a marketing campaign and a platform to squeeze greater operational effi ciencies out of the least environmentally damaging aircraft in Etihad’s fl eet. Working groups will be formed between the fl ight operations and engineering arms of both companies, with senior pilots and engineers from Boeing’s 787 division leading sessions at Etihad’s Abu Dhabi headquarters to identify and explore more emission-reducing measures, from changed operating practices to weight-saving initiatives. But Douglas says that the Greenliner project is “not just a box-ticking exercise”. He comments: “[The Greenliner project] symbolises a strategic partnership between Boeing and Etihad. It’s going to centre itself Reporters gather at Boeing’s stand to learn of the manufacturer’s partnership with Etihad. 20% FUEL BURN REDUC- TION OF DREAMLINER COMPARED TO COMPETITORS 787 Greenliner is unveiled at Dubai Airshow.13 January 2020 · AVIATION BUSINESS www.aviationbusinessme.com INNOVATION airline’s operating costs is normally the fuel bill, Douglas explains. He comments: “Anything that can make a big reduction in the fuel bill not only makes sense economically but it directly impacts on CO2 emissions. [In engineering] something that represents a 5% improvement is quite often signifi cant, if not really material. What we’re looking at with the Dreamliner is in excess of a 20% improvement on fuel burn over anything else we’ve ever operated.” Etihad and Boeing are looking to get other industries involved in the Greenliner project. For example, the pair is reaching out to innovators who can fi nd new ways of providing lightweight in-fl ight cutlery. While single use plastics are being stripped out, simply replacing plastic cutlery with metal items would increase the aircraft’s weight and fuel burn. The idea is for supporting industries to work alongside aviation. Etihad has the largest fl eet of Dreamliners in the Middle East, and one of the largest in the world, with 30 787-9s and six of the larger 787-10s. It has introduced them on 38 of its 76 passenger routes to replace less- effi cient aircraft, increase capacity, and pioneer new markets, and will continue to expand their use in 2020. The deployment of 787s has led to signifi cant reductions in fuel use and carbon emissions across the airline’s network, independently of other initiatives, the company says. Beyond the environmental testing on the Greenliner, the two companies will build on the technical capabilities that Etihad Airways has developed while maintaining its own Dreamliner fl eet and that of other operators. As part of the partnership, the companies are discussing several areas where they can work together to improve operational effi ciency. Boeing and Etihad Airways also announced at the Dubai Airshow that the manufacturer will provide multiple services for the airline’s Dreamliner fl eet, including a number of programmes that help an airline simplify asset and maintenance management and reduce spare parts costs while improving parts availability. The agreements also include a customised material parts package and three Quick Engine Change (QEC) kits that enable Etihad to quickly return an aeroplane to service if an engine needs to be repaired or replaced. by 80% as of 2022. We also ran a fl ight to Amsterdam with a biofuel programme in 2018. Boeing’s fl eet captain has been out with our fl eet team operating the aircraft under our conditions so we’re comparing notes, and more importantly data, to be able to eke out every last bit of performance, reducing fuel burn and looking at how we can take weight out of the aircraft. It’s going to be about grinding out every last little bit of detail. There’s no single silver bullet and the fun is going to be not only aligning ourselves but many other parts of the aviation industry to be able to look at using this Greenliner as a testbed.” Stan Deal, CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes, says that Boeing has so far invested in around 117 diff erent ideas through similar demonstrator programmes over the years. Many of these projects have provided quick tests but by partnering with Etihad, Boeing is now able to experiment on a larger scale, Deal says. And the hope is that the pair’s fi ndings can be rolled out across Etihad’s Dreamliner fl eet. The symbolic Greenliner will be the initial testbed but Douglas says all of Etihad and Boeing’s learnings will be replicated. He says: “I think it’s important to add that this is not just for Etihad, this is for the aviation sector. Anything that we learn with Boeing from this will be open domain knowledge because it’s about moving the industry forward in a responsible fashion.” When it comes down to operational savings and effi ciencies, the Greenliner project’s primary aim is to cut fuel bills. Around 25% of an There’s no single silver bullet and the fun is going to be not only aligning ourselves but many other parts of the aviation industry to be able to look at using this Greenliner as a testbed” Etihad’s new Greenliner is designed to drive effi ciencies across its entire 787 fl eet.January 2020 · AVIATION BUSINESS 14 www.aviationbusinessme.com INNOVATION BREAKING THE SOUND BARRIER When does a simple question change an industry? We recount how a disappointing experience inspired an American doctor and his team to tear down the barriers of communication technology to become one of the aviation market’s household names. project that would span 11 years before producing a viable commercial product. As research continued, the lead en- gineers for the noise cancelling project heard about the Rutan Voyager fl ight, which aimed to become the fi rst fl ight around the world without stopping or refuelling. It was 1986 and mission doc- tors had predicted that the aircraft’s pilots, Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager, would lose approximately a third of their hearing due to the noise exposure that was expected inside the Voyager. In an eff ort to reduce weight a deci- sion was made to remove insulation from the Voyager. The acoustic envi- ronment would be extremely loud and reverberant. Initially reluctant to add any additional weight, including the weight of the fairly large and heavy Bose prototypes, Dick Rutan declared the Bose prototype headsets mission-critical after experiencing them fi rst-hand. The In 1978, Dr Amar Bose was on a fl ight home after a business trip in Europe. He was looking forward to the fl ight, not simply because it was taking him home, but because it would be his fi rst opportunity to use what were then new electronic headphones. Although these types of inexpensive headphones are ubiquitous today and are included with all types of portable audio devices, they were certainly a novelty in the 1970s. Prior to their introduction, airlines used pneumatic tubes to deliver audio to their passengers, similar to how a stethoscope works. As the fl ight took off and Dr Bose put the headphones on and listened to the audio, he was sorely disappointed. It is true that the headphones off ered better performance than pneumatic tubes, but the designers apparently had not considered one important factor; the loud ambient noise in the aircraft’s cabin. Wind noise and the drone of the aircraft’s engines interfered with the audio experience, rendering these new devices only marginally better than the ones they replaced. This caused Dr Bose to ask himself a question: Why can’t a headphone be developed that delivers the sound that people want while cancelling, or rejecting, the noise they do not want to hear? This seemingly simple question was the impetus for what would become a long and complex project at Bose that would deliver ground-breaking technol- ogy that, arguably, changed an industry. On that fl ight from Europe, Dr Bose used a napkin to draw out equations that showed how a noise cancelling headphone might work. Upon his return to the company’s headquarters, he as- sembled a team of engineers and shared his thoughts. That resulted in a research The ProFlight Series 2 is Bose’s latest innovation in the aviation sector. THE BOSE CORPORATION • Founded in 1964 by Dr Amar G Bose, a professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. • Company mission: think of better solutions, create better products, help people enjoy the things they love. • Bose aviation headsets are certifi ed to FAA TSO and EASA E/TSO standards.15 January 2020 · AVIATION BUSINESS www.aviationbusinessme.com INNOVATION introduction of the Aviation Headset X (AHX) in 1998. The AHX off ered the same noise cancelling performance as the pre- vious, larger and heavier Bose headsets, but did so in a much lighter confi guration with signifi cantly lower clamping force. The key was TriPort Acoustic Structure, a new, unique technology developed at Bose that allowed a smaller earcup to deliver the noise cancelling performance once thought only possible through large earcups. The development meant Bose could design a smaller, lighter and more comfortable headset than before. In 2010, Bose introduced the next and current iteration, the A20 Aviation Headset. The A20 built on the perfor- mance of the AHX, but utilised additional new technologies that were developed by Bose engineers. The A20 off ered bet- ter performance in louder environments over an even broader range of frequen- cies. Instead of one microphone in each earcup to measure the ambient noise, Bose used two microphones, which pro- vided a more accurate measurement. A proprietary driver (speaker) in each earcup was designed specifi cally for use in aviation headsets and delivered greater audio clarity and reliability than before. The A20 also off ered Bluetooth connectivity for use with portable audio devices like EFB’s, iPads, portable GPS systems and others. The latest innovation from the aviation team at Bose came in just 2018 with the introduction of the ProFlight Aviation headset. The ProFlight was designed with two goals in mind: to create a very lightweight noise cancelling headset for pilots fl ying turbine-powered aircraft and to create a new category in the avia- tion headset market. The ProFlight is the industry’s lightest and, arguably, most comfortable active noise cancelling com- munication headset for pilots. The result of years of research, the ProFlight is a headbanded, in-ear headset that deliv- ers three user selectable modes of noise reduction, Bluetooth connectivity and a new feature called Tap Control for Talk Through Communication. Tap Control allows the user to easily put either earbud into was is essentially a hear through mode. It is intended for temporary use on the ground or in-fl ight when, for ex- ample, a fl ight attendant or mechanic enters the fl ight deck and eliminates the need to remove an earbud when speaking with someone off intercom. Other innovations incorporated into the ProFlight headset include the ability to easily swap the boom microphone from side to side without a tool. In July 2019, Bose introduced the ProFlight Series 2, which builds upon the success of the original ProFlight headset but off ers some notable refi ne- ments. These include a thinner, more fl exible down cable, improved tap con- trol functionality, the availability of a non-Bluetooth version and a simplifi ed carry case to make stowing the headset easier. Glenn Burack, director, aviation, military and broadcast headsets at Bose, notes: “We listened to good feedback from our customers and incorporated most of what they told us into the Series 2. The result is an even better headset.” In 1978, as a result of a disappointing experience, Dr Bose asked why some- thing is the way it is and wondered why it cannot be better. That curiosity and desire to do things better, to not accept the status quo, still permeates the cul- ture at Bose, its bosses say. There is an unwavering desire to deliver real tech- nology that improves the user’s life in some meaningful way. Although Bose just recently introduced the ProFlight Series 2, it refuses to stand still and tells the market to expect much more in the future. Voyager experience confi rmed the team’s belief that Bose’s technology had real value and delivered real benefi ts to the user. And the work continued. In 1989, Bose introduced the fi rst com- mercially available active noise cancel- ling headsets. This product was so new and unique that Dr Bose wanted a clear panel on the back of each earcup so us- ers could see that there were actually electronics in them. The success of the Series I Aviation Headset encouraged the engineers at Bose to continue their devel- opment of even better products. Alas, in 1994, the Series II Aviation Headset was introduced. It off ered improved ergo- nomic designs and improved battery life. Although there was really nothing else like the Series II in the market, the headset team was not satisfi ed to rest on their earlier successes. The desire to always do better, deliver greater benefi ts to customers and to lead the way with innovative technologies resulted in the Bose’s HQ in Framingham, Massachusetts, is home to many of its functions and businesses. Glenn Burack, director, aviation at Bose.January 2020 · AVIATION BUSINESS 16 www.aviationbusinessme.com LOW-COST CARRIER WIZZ IN THE MIX Competition increases once again as a new market entrant enters the low-cost ring just weeks after Air Arabia, Etihad and SpiceJet unveil budget plans The UAE will get a fi fth budget airline this year when major European low-cost carrier Wizz Air launches a new concept in Abu Dhabi. Wizz Air signed a preliminary agreement with Abu Dhabi Development Holding (ADDH) in December to launch Wizz Air Abu Dhabi from the UAE’s capital. Operations are expected to begin in the second half of this year. The Romanian airline will be the UAE’s seventh and will intensify competition on European routes as well as rival other established and new low-cost carriers. Wizz Air’s announcement came just two months after Air Arabia and Etihad Airways unveiled a new low-cost venture based in Abu Dhabi. Indian LCC SpiceJet also revealed recently it will be launch- ing its fi rst Middle Eastern base in Ras Al Khaimah. Sharjah’s Air Arabia and fl ydubai make up the remainder of what is an increasingly saturated low-cost market in the UAE. Wizz Air Abu Dhabi will look to es- tablish routes to areas where the carrier already has a strong presence, such as Europe. In the long-run, the carrier will look to pierce the Indian subcontinent, the wider Middle East and Africa. Wizz Air said in a statement that its new airline, comprised of a fl eet of Airbus A321neo aircraft, will gain access to mar- kets with a total of fi ve billion customers across Europe and beyond. József Váradi, CEO of Wizz Air Holdings, believes that the new carrier can be a Wizz Air Abu Dhabi will launch later this year. European LCCs are turning their attention to other regions after exhausting local opportunities. “signifi cant player” in the region. He said: “We are proud that our fi rst airline to be established outside of Europe is in Abu Dhabi... This is a new path of growth for Wizz Air, built on our successful ultra-low cost business model, bringing aff ordable travel to even more customers.” Bryan Thompson, CEO of Abu Dhabi Airports Company, said: “The launch of the new airline is further testament to the emirate’s robust aviation infrastructure... New travel off erings continue to inspire visitors from around the world to come to Abu Dhabi. We welcome the world to Abu Dhabi, and look forward to providing an exceptional passenger experience to even more travellers through this venture.” Mohamed Hassan Al Suwaidi, CEO of ADDH, said that its partnership with Wizz Air will aim to capitalise on “the growing demand for budget travel”. Analysts have said that although the low-cost market in the UAE is increas- ingly competitive, Wizz Air has timed its launch well. Expo 2020 next year will see a surge in demand for travel in the region, especially among budget- conscious travellers and traders. A lead- ing industry commentator said that Wizz Air’s fl ight into Abu Dhabi airspace could signal the start of a European invasion into the Middle East market. John Grant, director of JG Aviation Consultants in the United Kingdom, said: “What we are seeing here is the maturity of the European LCC market beginning to en- croach into the Middle East. Carriers such as Wizz Air and Ryanair are exhausting the opportunities from Europe and have been moving further and further south east in their network development. The natural extension of that is to move into the Middle East market although the degree of liberalisation means that the airlines need to fi nd local partners.”The Saudi aviation market is poised for exponential growth thanks to a number of factors. As the market begins to boom, Aviation Business Middle East explores how key players and new entrants in and around Saudi Arabia are being impacted and what they are doing to capitalise on the expansion. THE DOOR IS OPEN SAUDI: 17January 2020 · AVIATION BUSINESS www.aviationbusinessme.comAs one of the newest and most exciting aviation operators in Saudi Arabia, The Helicopter Company is fast filling a niche part of the local market. CEO Yahya Al Ghoraibi discusses how the business is taking advantage of launching at a time when Saudi Arabia is booming. THE HELICOPTER COMPANY January 2020 · AVIATION BUSINESS 18 www.aviationbusinessme.com Aviation Business Middle East sits down with Yahya Al Ghoraibi to discuss how he plans to expand his company’s network and infrastructure. GEARED FOR GROWTH Saudi Vision 2030’s plan to re- duce the country’s dependence on oil and diversify into areas like tourism was one of the driv- ing factors behind the Kingdom’s new tourist visa system. The visa received tens of thousands of applications within weeks of it being unveiled and tour op- erators in the region were rubbing their hands together at the prospect of Saudi’s doors being fl ung open to new business. Unsurprisingly, a new focus on tourism has caused regional aviation operators to leap onto new opportunities presented by the Saudi market. One company with a unique approach to capitalising on the booming aviation market in the Kingdom was fi rst seen in the fl esh at the Dubai Airshow at the end of last year. Walking the tarmac, you will likely have spotted the glamorous, gold branding of The Helicopter Company (THC) splashed around entry and exit points. The mar- ket entrant is a luxury operator run-THE HELICOPTER COMPANY 19January 2020 · AVIATION BUSINESS www.aviationbusinessme.com The Helicopter Company’s fl eet will off er customers a luxury but convenient travel experience. ning helicopter routes in Saudi Arabia, transporting VIPs, businessmen and tourists. Unable to resist getting to know the story behind this new Saudi busi- ness, AVB sat down with CEO Yahya Al Ghoraibi at THC’s airshow base. Warmly hosted in the fi rm’s luxury chalet, AVB is given a fl avour of Saudi hospitality and feels as welcome as the guests it now ferries across the Kingdom in its fl eet of helicopters. Explaining how THC came into being, Al Ghoraibi notes that the business was established in late 2018 and is wholly owned by the Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia (PIF). After conception, the company continued wading through the necessary admin, documentation and li- censing until mid-2019, when it received its airworthiness operations certifi cate (AOC) from regulators and began to acquire more helicopters. On establish- ing its fl edgling fl eet of AgustaWestland AW-139s, THC launched debut fl ights in September 2019 and has been operating continuously since then. Al Ghoraibi describes the journey so far fondly and speaks with unbridled en- thusiasm when recounting how the busi- ness started out with just one person, built a team of experts and created a new fl eet of aircraft. “The business has been received very well by the market and we have been fl ying continuously since we launched in September,” says Al Ghoraibi. “The [Saudi] market is booming and we are booming with it, from the perspective of a new transport [solution] that has never been seen in the Kingdom before.” And for Al Ghoraibi, being the only company of its type in the Kingdom means a lot. But carving its own path in AGUSTAWESTLAND AW-139 TO SPEARHEAD THE HELICOPTER COMPANY’S ENTRY INTO MARKET The Helicopter Company (THC), which is fully owned by the Saudi Public Investment Fund (PIF), chose the AgustaWestland AW-139 as the aircraft to launch its operations. Upon receiving the new aircraft, THC declared that it would continue the process of building its fl eet, which started in March 2019. One of the most reliable and effi cient helicopters on a global scale, the AW-139 is a multi-purpose rotorcraft that can accommodate up to 15 passengers. Its wide cabin, with a distinctive interior design, off ers passengers comfort and luxury, allowing them to enter and exit the helicopter easily and providing ample space for storing luggage. Yahya Al Ghuraibi, CEO of THC, says: “We have received our fi rst AgustaWestland AW-139 aircraft, which is one step in the ambitious operational plan that THC has been implementing since we obtained a commercial operator license from the General Authority of Civil Aviation (GACA) in July 2018. We are committed to providing exceptional air transport services that meet the aspirations and needs of our clients, including senior executives and businessmen. We always strive to translate our vision and our commitment to deliver high quality services by ensuring that our company has the best fl eet of modern aircraft of the latest technology and the highest international standards.” THC was a platinum sponsor at the Dubai Airshow 2019, held in November. The exhibition served as a platform for THC to achieve better brand exposure, showcase its latest services, and announce its growth strategy, particularly its plans to expand the geographic scope of its services to cover all regions of the Kingdom. PIF established The Helicopter Company as part of its strategy to activate new sectors in the Kingdom in line with Saudi Vision 2030. As the Kingdom’s fi rst local commercial helicopter operator, THC off ers private air transport services within the main cities in addition to tours to many diff erent attractions all over the Kingdom. what is a relatively raw market has proved to be an obstacle for THC. He notes: “The market is promising, the market in Saudi is booming, but the issue is that we have to go as fast the market is expand- ing, which is a challenge. But that is the fun part of it. This has never been done before and we are doing it with quality and safety. We are not moving too quickly, we are moving in a way so that we can be mature in the business so we can provide the service that people are looking for – a luxury service.” THC plans to eventually cover the interior of Saudi Arabia with its fl ights. Currently, it is focused on primary cities like Riyadh and on large swathes of the country, including the Makkah Province, Eastern Province and the entire west coast. The operator aims to straddle a number of dynamic sectors but in its initial phases it is focusing on targeting Next >